On 24th September 2024, in an initiative led by the Foundation for the Conservation of the Maltese Honey Bee, the Maltese Honey Bee (Apis mellifera ruttneri) was officially declared a national species of Malta. This declaration not only highlights the bee’s vital role in the local ecosystem as a key pollinator but also acknowledges its significant contributions to agriculture and biodiversity in the Maltese Islands. The Maltese Honey Bee joins five other distinguished national species, each representing a critical aspect of Malta’s ecological identity: the Mediterranean killifish, blue rock-thrush, Maltese rock-centaury, Maltese freshwater crab, and sandarac gum tree.
The Maltese Honey Bee, known locally as in-Naħla Maltija, is an essential pollinator for many native plants and crops. This unique honey bee subspecies has evolved in isolation on the Maltese Islands, adapting to the local climate and environment. Its ability to thrive in Malta’s hot, arid summers is a testament to its resilience and ecological importance. The Maltese Honey Bee also plays a crucial role in honey production, contributing to the local economy and culinary traditions. Legally protected under the Flora, Fauna and Natural Habitats Protection Regulations, this species is pivotal in preserving Malta’s ecological balance. Ongoing conservation efforts, including monitoring and citizen science projects, aim to ensure the health and stability of its populations.
Locally known as il-bużaqq, the Mediterranean killifish is Malta’s national fish. This small brackish-water fish inhabits saline marshlands and coastal areas, primarily found at is-Simar and l-inħawi tal-Għadira. The Mediterranean killifish is notable for its adaptability to various aquatic environments, making it a key species for maintaining the health of coastal ecosystems. Legally protected under the Flora, Fauna and Natural Habitats Protection Regulations, this species is vital for maintaining the health of its ecosystems. Conservation initiatives focus on habitat management and population monitoring to safeguard its future, ensuring that this unique fish continues to thrive in its natural habitat.
The blue rock-thrush, or il-merill, is Malta’s national bird, symbolising the islands’ rich avifauna. Found in coastal cliffs and bastions, this thrush was declared a national species in 1971 to protect it from exploitation as a caged bird. The blue rock-thrush is known for its striking blue plumage and melodious song, making it a beloved symbol of Maltese wildlife. Conservation measures ensure its habitat is preserved, with management plans in place in key areas such as il-Majjistral and Għajn Tuffieħa. The blue rock-thrush is celebrated in local culture and featured on stamps, posters, and currency, reinforcing its status as a cherished national symbol.
The Maltese rock-centaury, known as widnet il-baħar, is an endemic shrub that grows primarily in Malta’s coastal cliffs. Declared the national plant in 1971, it is critically endangered and legally protected. The Maltese rock-centaury is characterised by its beautiful flowers and unique ecological significance, serving as a key indicator of the health of coastal ecosystems. Conservation efforts include habitat monitoring and management to ensure its survival. The rock-centaury serves as a flagship species for raising awareness about the importance of protecting Malta’s unique flora, attracting attention to the threats posed by habitat loss and climate change.
The Maltese freshwater crab, or il-qabru, is the only endemic decapod in the Maltese Islands. It thrives in areas with perennial springs, making it a crucial component of Malta’s freshwater ecosystems. This species plays an important role in maintaining the balance of freshwater habitats by participating in nutrient cycling and supporting other species. Legal protections ensure its conservation, with management plans addressing habitat preservation and threats from invasive species. The crab’s unique status emphasises the need for ongoing conservation efforts in Malta’s freshwater habitats, where monitoring and habitat restoration projects are essential for its continued survival.
The sandarac gum tree, or l-għargħar, is Malta’s national tree, predominantly found on the island. With a limited population and facing threats from habitat loss, this rare tree species was declared the national tree in 1992. It is legally protected under various regulations, and conservation measures include habitat management and restoration projects. The sandarac gum tree’s cultural and ecological significance highlights the importance of preserving Malta’s natural heritage, with efforts to protect it involving collaboration with local communities and conservation organisations.
The declaration of the Maltese Honey Bee as a National Insect is a significant step in recognising the importance of Malta’s biodiversity. By joining the ranks of the Mediterranean killifish, blue rock-thrush, Maltese rock-centaury, Maltese freshwater crab, and sandarac gum tree, the Maltese Honey Bee underscores the need for ongoing conservation efforts. Together, these national species symbolise Malta’s rich ecological heritage and the importance of protecting it for future generations.
As announced earlier, the Foundation has secured funding from the Small Initiatives Support Scheme (SIS), managed by the Malta Council for the Voluntary Sector (MCVS) and supported by the Ministry for Inclusion and the Voluntary Sector (MIV). This next project will engage a younger audience: children in kindergarten and early primary schools! One of the videos that we will create will be about the six national species of Malta. Featuring original songs, a cartoon-style bee character, and vibrant visuals, the videos are designed to captivate young audiences. With support for promotion and distribution across social media and schools in Malta and Gozo, we aim to reach a wide audience and inspire a lasting appreciation for the Maltese Honey Bee and local biodiversity.
The Foundation has created a fun and engaging drawing book featuring Malta’s six national species. It is perfect for young students in kindergarten or early primary school, helping them learn about and appreciate Malta’s unique wildlife. The drawing book encourages creativity and artistic expression while introducing kids to these important national symbols! Teachers and parents will find this resource particularly useful to support learning activities. This drawing book is being made freely available, and can be downloaded from the file provided.
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